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For almost every variation in the LXX, one finds opposite views expressed, and there are only very few objective criteria for evaluating these variations.

Since a specific rendering either represents a greatly deviating Hebrew text or it displays the translator's exegesis, one wonders how are we to differentiate between the two. The translator's tendentious changes are also interesting, but at a different level, that of Scripture exegesis. Literary analysis of the Hebrew Bible is only interested in evidence of the first type, since it sheds light on the background of the different Hebrew texts that were once circulating. One of these is that what appears to one scholar to be a safely reconstructed Hebrew variant text is for another one a specimen of a translator's tendentious rendering. While readings found in ancient Hebrew manuscripts provide stable evidence, there are many problems on the slippery road of evaluating the ancient versions, especially the LXX. However, the distinction between these two levels is unclear at both ends, since early copyists considered themselves petty collaborators in the creation process of Scripture, while authors and editors were also copyists. At a later stage, scribes who copied the completed compositions inserted many smaller changes and also made mistakes while copying. Who created these various types of differences between ancient texts? In very broad terms, authors and editors who were involved in the composition of the texts, inserted changes that we characterize today as large differences often bearing on literary criticism. This pertains to many small theological changes in the MT of Samuel, short renderings in the LXX translation of Ezekiel, etc. However, a group of seemingly unrelated small differences might also display a common pattern, pointing to a more extensive phenomenon. A difference involving one or two words, and sometimes an isolated case of a single verse, is considered a small difference, while a discrepancy involving a whole section or chapter indicates a substantial difference, often relevant to literary criticism. The present analysis is limited to variations bearing on literary analysis, usually found in groups of variants. The other ancient versions were translated from Hebrew texts close to MT. In several Scripture books, the Masoretic Text (MT) displays a substantial number of major differences when compared with the LXX and, to a lesser degree, with several Qumran scrolls and the Samaritan Pentateuch (SP).

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